Pharmaceutical filing citing American Journal of Transplantation paper — Tonix Pharmaceuticals, 2023-04-17
Tonix PharmaceuticalsTonix PharmaceuticalsNASDAQ TNXP
Filings SEC · Quote Yahoo cited a paper published in the American Journal of Transplantation in its regulatory filing with the U.S. Securities and Exchange CommissionU.S. Securities and Exchange Commission
Regulator · Website as a basis for its claims. The company read the manner in which it wrote the paper and the actual scope of the paper in sequence. The stock price movement over one month following the filing was compared to past cases of the same type and written accordingly. This is a retrospective judgment written after knowing the results. The paper was read only up to the abstract.
The disclosure wrote the paper in the press release like this
When a U.S. listed company has something to inform shareholders, the report submitted to the Securities and Exchange Commission is called 8-K. The item numbers of the document submitted by Tonix Pharmaceuticals on 2023-04-17 were 7.01 Reg FD Public · 8.01 Other Events · 9.01 Financial Statements·Attached Documents. The company cited a paper published in American Journal of Transplantation in the attached press release. The sentence citing the paper, copied verbatim from the original, is as follows.
April 6, 2023. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ajt.2023.03.025 Forward Looking Statements Certain statements in this press release are forward-looking within the meaning of the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995.
What readers should first look at is where the company placed the paper in the press release. Next is to determine whether the paper supports the entire company claim or only part of it. To answer the latter question, one must read the full paper. This article, which only read the abstract, cannot answer it.
The scope of the paper mentioned in the abstract is up to here.
The paper title is TNX-1500, a crystallizable fragment–modified anti-CD154 antibody, prolongs nonhuman primate cardiac allograft survival and it was published in American Journal of Transplantation on 2023-04-06. The authors' affiliations are Sapporo Medical University · Massachusetts General Hospital · Sapporo Medical University Hospital · Teine Keijinkai Hospital. The summary published at the beginning of the paper is called abstract. What this article read is only up to there. This paragraph was rewritten by a person after filtering a draft written by a machine reading the abstract through numerical comparison, so it is a different grade from a full-text reading and a verified reading.
This is an experiment in which a monkey received a heart transplant from another monkey and was administered the antibody TNX-1500 for six months to prevent immune reactions. The group given the standard dose alone saw the transplanted heart survive for more than 265 days, the low-dose group for 99 days, and the low-dose group with added immunosuppressants for 88 days. The standard dose prevented the production of antibodies targeting the donor and also suppressed chronic rejection. No thrombotic complications were observed. Since this was an animal study, whether the same results would occur in humans is beyond the scope of this paper.
What the abstract does not answer remains in the full text and appendices. This article stops short of those sections and leaves the gaps as they are. Readers are to judge for themselves which sentence in the abstract corresponds to the cited excerpt from the company, by comparing the two citations above.
A month later, the stock price was in the bottom quarter of the sample.
The portion of the return not explained by market-wide movements is called excess return. Dates are counted in trading days, meaning the days the stock market is open. On a calendar, 20 trading days are roughly a month. The excess return on the day of the regulatory filing and for the following month are listed in the table below.
| Period | Excess return relative to the market | Meaning |
|---|---|---|
| 5 trading days before the filing | −15.5% | The extent of movement before the filing |
| On the filing date | −1.6% | On the filing date or the first trading day thereafter |
| Cumulative over +1 to +5 trading days | −8.4% | One week |
| Cumulative over +1 to +20 trading days | −41.4% | One month |
A bundle of past cases of the same type is called a sample. The position counted from the bottom is expressed as a percentile. The one-month excess return of -41.4% in this case is within the bottom quarter, at the 6% position from the bottom among 142 samples.
| Sample scale (20 trading days) | Tenth from the bottom | Fourth from the bottom | Median | Top 25% | Top 10% | This case |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Excess return | −31.8% | −20.1% | −6.9% | +5.5% | +19.5% | −41.4% |
Half of the sample falls between the two central marks on the chart. One checks the chart to see whether this case lies within or outside the range. The sample collects cases where U.S.-listed companies cited papers in 8-K filings over the past ten years. The company itself is excluded from the sample. The numbers listed here are historical facts, not rules applicable to future cases.
There are 23 additional cases where the same company cited papers in 8-K filings, which are included in the table below.
| Disclosure date | Journal of the cited paper | Excess return over one month |
|---|---|---|
| 2018-01-22 | PLoS ONE | −15.3% |
| 2020-12-04 | Genome biology | +20.9% |
| 2020-12-23 | Genome biology | +32.1% |
| 2021-11-23 | JCI Insight | −11.5% |
| 2021-12-14 | JCI Insight | −23.9% |
| 2022-01-04 | JCI Insight | −38.1% |
| 2022-01-11 | JCI Insight | −31.8% |
| 2022-03-14 | Nature Structural & Molecular Biology | −9.3% |
Documents issued by the company after the disclosure
Only item numbers are listed for the three 8-K filings issued by the company after the disclosure date. In 8-K filings without titles, item numbers indicate the type of content. Whether it was an earnings announcement or a contract can be determined from the item number. The specific event is read in the original text of each link.
- 2023-04-19 8-K Items 7.01, 8.01, 9.01 — Reg FD disclosure · Other events · Financial statements and exhibits
- 2023-05-01 8-K Item 7.01, 9.01 — Reg FD Disclosure · Financial Statements · Exhibits
- 2023-05-04 8-K Item 7.01, 8.01, 9.01 — Reg FD disclosure · Other events · Financial statements · Exhibits
What this article does not answer
This article, which reads only abstracts, cannot answer how the paper re-examined what, by what method, and to what extent. How many times the paper cited by the company was cited afterwards can be re-confirmed through the OpenAlexOpenAlex
Data source · Website citation count. What will be seen next is whether the company's next 8-K again cites the same paper.
Explanation of terms
- 8-K
- A voluntary report submitted to the Securities and Exchange Commission when a U.S. listed company has something to inform shareholders. The type is indicated by item numbers such as earnings, contracts, and executive changes. All the events in this article come from this document.
- Excess return
- The remainder obtained by subtracting the market's overall return from the stock's return. It is used to observe the company's unique movement after removing the portion attributable to the market's collective rise or fall.
- Trading day
- A date counting only the days when the stock market is open. Since weekends and holidays are excluded, 20 trading days correspond to approximately one calendar month.
- Sample and percentile
- A bundle of past cases of the same type is a sample, and the position from the bottom is expressed as a percentile. A percentile of 10 means that nine out of ten cases performed better than this case.
- Abstract
- A summary placed at the beginning of a paper. The author writes in a few sentences what was done, how it was done, and what results were obtained. Without reading the full text, one cannot know the details and limitations of the method.